Liquid water has one of the lowest heat capacities of any commonly occurring substance

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: The statement to evaluate is 'Liquid water has one of the lowest heat capacities of any commonly occurring substance,' and the available options are True or False.
Option 1: True. Why this would be considered incorrect: The claim that water has one of the lowest heat capacities contradicts established thermodynamics. Water, with a high specific heat capacity, stores a large amount of heat per gram for a given change in temperature. Saying it has one of the lowest capacities would ignore how energy input translates to temperature change for water.
Option 2: False. Why this is correct: Water actually has a relatively high specific heat capacity among common substances (about 4.18 joules per gram per degree Celsius). This means it takes a substantial amount of heat to raise water’s temperature, which is a key reason water is effective in thermal regulation for environments and organisms. The high value is largely due to extensive hydrogen bonding between water molecules, which absorbs energy to disrupt before the temperature rises. In comparison to many liquids and solids, water’s heat capacity is not low; it is notably higher, so the claim that it is one of the lowest is inaccurate.
Additional nuance: When comparing heat capacities, one might distinguish between specific heat capacity (per gram) and molar heat capacity (per mole). Even in those terms, water remains relatively high for common substances, though the exact ranking can vary depending on the reference set of substances. The overarching takeaway is that water does not have a low heat capacity; it has a high one, reinforcing its role in buffering temperature changes in natural and engineered systems.

Liquid water has one of the lowest heat capacities of any commonly occurring substance

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