Which of these would support a population remaining at genetic equilibrium / NOT evolving? (In other words, which of these would not cause a population to evolve?)

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: Which of these would support a population remaining at genetic equilibrium / NOT evolving? (In other words, which of these would not cause a population to evolve?)

Option a: Mating is random. When mating is random, allele combinations are produced in the same proportions each generation, assuming other conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are met (large population, no selection, no migration, no mutation, no drift). This helps maintain genetic equilibrium, because allele frequencies remain constant across generations.

Option b: Migration occurs. Gene flow through migration introduces new alleles or alters allele frequencies in the population, which can cause evolution in the recipient population and thus disrupt equilibrium.

Option c: There is genetic drift. Genetic drift is random change in allele frequencies, especially in small populations, which leads to evolution away from equilibrium.

Option d: New mutations arise. Mutations introduce new alleles and change allele frequencies, which drives evolutionary change and disrupts equilibrium.

Option e: Natural selection occurs. Selection changes allele frequencies by differential survival and reproduction, causing evolution away from equilibrium.

Additional notes on concepts to help understanding:
- Genetic equilibrium (Hardy-Weinberg) requires no forces that alter allele frequencies from generation to generation. Any factor listed here that alters those frequencies will break equilibrium.
- Random mating helps prevent assortative mating biases that could change genotype frequencies relative to allele frequencies, supporting the idea of constant allele frequencies across generations when other HW conditions are also met.
- Real populations often experience some combination of these forces, which is why Hardy-Weinberg is a null model used to detect evolutionary change.

BIO 181 (001&002) FALL 2025 FA25: Cumulative Exam 4 covers the most important content from Units 1-4: You can do this!!! : ) [Grade is out of 150/900 pts, the same am't of pts for the active learning "easy points" classwork.]

Which of these would support a population remaining at genetic equilibrium / NOT evolving? (In other words, which of these would not cause a population to evolve?)

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