In a grazing ruminant, the main source of glucose comes from:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Consider the energy and metabolic context of a grazing ruminant. In these animals, the fermentation of forage in the rumen produces volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as the primary energy source, with acetate, propionate, and butyrate being the main products. 
Option 1: Direct absorption of glucose from the diet — In ruminants, most dietary carbohydrates are fermented in the rumen before absorption, so intact dietary glucose is not a major contributor to systemic glucose levels. This makes this choice misleading. 
Option 2: Digestion of microbial mass — While microbial protein from the rumen can provide amino acids after digestion, the statement focuses on glucose production, and microbial digestion is not the principal source of circulating glucose. It bypasses the key gluconeogenic pathway that supplies glucose. 
Option 3: Digestion of fatty acids — Fatty acids themselves are not converted into glucose; they are oxidized for energy or used in other metabolic routes. The digestion of fatty acids does not generate significant glucose in ruminants, so this option does not address glucose supply. 
Option 4: The conversion of volatile fatty acid (VFA) & amino acids via gluconeogenesis — This is the correct mechanism. Propionate (a major glucogenic VFA) and certain amino acids are used in gluconeogenesis to synthesize glucose, which is crucial for ruminants given their limited dietary glucose supply. This pathway explains the primary source of glucose in grazing ruminants. 
In summary, the key idea is that ruminants rely on gluconeogenesis from propionate and amino acids rather than direct dietary glucose or other pathways to maintain blood glucose levels, making option 4 the accurate choice.

ANSC20002_2025_SM2 Exam: Comparative Nutrition and Digestion (ANSC20002_2025_SM2)- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser

In a grazing ruminant, the main source of glucose comes from:

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