Some glucose can be synthesised from

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks: 'Some glucose can be synthesised from'.
Option a) protein: This is typically considered correct in metabolic pathways. During gluconeogenesis, amino acids from proteins can be converted into glucose, especially glucogenic amino acids such as alanine and glutamine.
Option b) all of these: If any of the listed substrates can be used to produce glucose, this would be correct; however, we need to verify each substrate. In most biochemistry contexts, not all listed substrates are equally viable sources for gluconeogenesis.
Option c) alcohol: Ethanol can be metabolized to acetyl-CoA, which feeds into the TCA cycle, but gluconeogenesis from ethanol itself is limited because the acetyl-CoA generated does not directly replenish the gluconeogenic pool efficiently, and ethanol metabolism can actually inhibit gluconeogenesis under certain conditions, leading to hypoglycemia in fasting individuals.
Option d) fatty acids: Fatty acids cannot be converted into glucose via gluconeogenesis in humans because acetyl-CoA produced from beta-oxidation cannot be converted back into pyruvate or oxaloacetate in a way that replenishes the gluconeogenic steps. Therefore, fatty acids are not a direct substrate for glucose synthesis.
In summary, amino acids from proteins serve as a source for gluconeogenesis, while alcohol’s effect is complex and fatty acids do not directly yield glucose in humans. The choice that aligns with the common teaching is that glucose can be synthesized from certain amino acids derived from protein, whereas the other substrates either do not contribute directly or have inhibitory effects.

Some glucose can be synthesised from

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