Which of these animals rely on endoderm and ectoderm solely for movement?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks which of these animals rely on endoderm and ectoderm solely for movement. Here, we consider each option and how their body plan and musculature relate to germ layers.
Option a: Planaria. Planarians have a relatively simple body plan with a mesodermal layer contributing to muscle tissues, including longitudinal and circular muscles. They are often described as having muscle systems that derive from mesoderm, not relying solely on ectoderm and endoderm for movement. This makes option a unlikely to be correct for the stated criterion.
Option b: Lumbricus (earthworm). Earthworms possess a well-developed set of longitudinal and circular muscles derived from mesoderm, which work with a hydrostatic skeleton. Movement depends on mesoderm-derived muscles, so movement is not solely from endoderm and ectoderm. Hence, option b does not fit the criterion.
Option c: Hydra. Hydra is a cnidarian with a diploblastic organization consisting of ectoderm and endoderm, lacking a true mesoderm. Its musculature is associated with these two germ layers and its movement relies on contractions of ectodermal and endodermal layers, without mesoderm-derived muscles. This aligns with the idea of movement driven by endoderm and ectoderm alone. Therefore, option c is a plausible candidate for the described condition.
Option d: Ascaris (a nematode). Nematodes have a pseudocoelom and a body wall with muscles derived from mesoderm. Their movement depends on mesoderm-derived muscular systems within a hydrostatic skeleton, indicating that endoderm and ectoderm are not solely responsible for movement in these organisms.
In summary, the evaluation hinges on whether the organism’s musculature and movement depend exclusively on tissues from endoderm and ectoderm. Planaria, Lumbricus, and Ascaris each involve mesoderm-derived muscles in their locomotion, whereas Hydra, with its diploblastic organization and lack of true mesoderm, relies on ectodermal and endodermal layers for movement. The reasoning thus focuses on how germ-layer composition informs muscle development and locomotion strategies across these animals.

BIO1022 MA S2 2025 On Campus Test 1

Which of these animals rely on endoderm and ectoderm solely for movement?

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