A _________ is a segment of DNA on a chromosome.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To answer this question, we examine what each term represents in the context of genetics.
Option 1: gene. A gene is a specific sequence of DNA on a chromosome that encodes the information to produce a functional product, usually a protein or RNA. It matches the definition given in the prompt as a segment of DNA with a particular function.
Option 2: DNA. DNA refers to the molecule as a whole, the long polymer that makes up the genetic material. It is not by itself a segment on a chromosome; rather, chromosomes contain many DNA segments.
Option 3: nucleotide. A nucleotide is a single basic unit of DNA (composed of a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base). While nucleotides make up DNA, they are far too small to be described as a segment of DNA on a chromosome, which implies a larger functional unit.
Option 4: chromatid. A chromatid is one of the two identical copies of a replicated chromosome, held together at the centromere. It is a structural component formed during cell division, not a generic segment of DNA on a chromosome.
Option 5: chromosome. A chromosome is a whole structure that contains many genes (and other regulatory elements). It is not a single segment but rather the entire carrier of multiple genetic regions.
In summary, among the options, the term that best fits the description of a single functional segment of DNA on a chromosome is the gene, since it denotes a defined region with a specific genetic function.

Biology Honors 2nd Semester DNA Replication Concept Check

A _________ is a segment of DNA on a chromosome.

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