Sociological critics of gender socialization point out that:

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When considering sociological critiques of gender socialization, a number of nuanced points emerge. 
Option 1 states that gender socialization is a smooth process that happens very early in childhood. While early socialization plays a role, critics argue that the process is not uniformly smooth or confined to early childhood; it is variable, ongoing, and shaped by many contexts. This makes the claim overly simplistic and not fully aligned with sociological critique. 
Option 2 claims that gender socialization is not as powerful or significant as other types of socialization. In many sociological analyses, gender is treated as a central axis of socialization that intersects with many domains (family, school, peers, media, institutions) and has substantial impact on behavior, opportunities, and identity; thus minimizing its power misrepresents the critique. 
Option 3 presents the view that humans participate in their socialization and that “gender programming” results from multiple agents of socialization. This aligns with sociological theories that emphasize agency, interaction, and the collective influence of various institutions and actors in shaping gender norms, making it a core aspect of the critique. 
Option 4 suggests that testosterone increases aggression in monkeys, implying that gender is biologically determined. While biological studies exist, this stance reflects a biological determinism perspective rather than a sociological critique of gender socialization, which focuses on social construction and culturally mediated processes. It is an empirical claim that does not capture the socialization critique as its primary focus. 
In summary, the statements differ in accuracy and alignment with sociological critiques: the first and second oversimplify or downplay socialization, the fourth shifts to biology rather than social processes, and the third accurately reflects the sociological view that gender is shaped by multiple social agents and active human participation.

SMC 2025 Smr - SOCIOL 1 (1561,1562) - Introduction to Sociology (O) FINAL EXAM

Sociological critics of gender socialization point out that:

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