Frictional unemployment occurs due to

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Frictional unemployment is the short-term unemployment that arises as people are between jobs or are entering/re-entering the workforce, reflecting the time required to search for and match with suitable roles.

Option a: 'a mismatch between the skills of available workers and the jobs required by firms.' This describes structural unemployment, where long-term changes in the economy or industry alter the demand for certain skills, not the brief job-search period.

Option b: 'a downturn in the business cycle; often referred to as demand-deficient unemployment.' This is cyclical unemployment, driven by insufficient aggregate demand during recessions, not by the job-search process itself.

Option c: 'changes in demand for workers due to weather conditions and other seasonal factors.' This reflects seasonal unemployment, which occurs at regular intervals due to predictable seasonal patterns, not the general job-search duration between jobs.

Option d: 'the normal job search time required by people when changing jobs, initially entering the labour force, or re-entering the labour force.' This matches the textbook definition of frictional unemployment, capturing the voluntary and transitional nature of job search.

In summary, option d correctly characterizes frictional unemployment, while options a, b, and c describe other unemployment types with distinct underlying causes.

MUF0062 Economics Unit 2 - Semester 1, 2025 Revision Quiz - Unemployment (10 - 15 minutes)

Frictional unemployment occurs due to

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Frictional unemployment results from