The classic “Asian Disease” experiment (Kahneman and Tversky 1981) epitomizes the following cognitive bias:

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The question asks which cognitive bias the classic 'Asian Disease' experiment by Kahneman and Tversky (1981) exemplifies. 
Option a: Decoy effect. This bias occurs when a third, inferior option is added to make another option appear more attractive, influencing choices through the presence of a dominated alternative. The Asian Disease problem does not rely on introducing a decoy option; it manipulates phrasing of identical outcomes instead. 
Option b: Disjunction effect. This refers to a paradox where people hesitate to make a decision under uncertainty even when they would take the same action under each possible certain outcome, violating the sure-thing principle. While related to decision under uncertainty, the Asian Disease study is not primarily illustrating this phenomenon; it focuses on how presentation changes preferences. 
Option c: Framing effect. This is the phenomenon where people’s choices change based on how the same problem is framed or worded—such as presenting outcomes in terms of lives saved versus lives lost, which leads to different risk preferences even though the statistical outcomes are equivalent. The Asian Disease problem is the classic demonstration of framing effects in decision making. 
Thus, option c is the framing effect, which best matches the described experiment.

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The classic “Asian Disease” experiment (Kahneman and Tversky 1981) epitomizes the following cognitive bias:

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