A folate deficiency during pregnancy increases the risk of which of the following?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When a question asks about the consequences of folate deficiency during pregnancy, we should evaluate each option on its own merits and then connect them together.
Option 1: 'All of these are associated with folate deficiency during pregnancy.' This statement posits that every listed outcome is linked to folate deficiency. Since the other options describe conditions commonly associated with inadequate folate—macrocytic (megaloblastic) anemia, risks to fetal growth such as low birth weight, and neural tube defects like spina bifida—this umbrella choice logically includes all of them.
Option 2: 'Megaloblastic or macrocytic anemia' Folate is essential for DNA synthesis and red blood cell production. In pregnancy, insufficient folate can lead to impaired DNA replication in rapidly dividing cells, notably erythroid precursors, resulting in megaloblastic or macrocytic anemia. This is a well-established consequence of folate deficiency.
Option 3: 'Low-birth-weight infants' Folate deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with adverse fetal outcomes, including reduced fetal growth and lower birth weights, due to impaired cell division and placental function in some cases. This link is supported by observational data, making it a plausible consequence.
Option 4: 'Neural tube defects, such as spina bifida' Adequate folate around conception and early pregnancy is critical for neural tube closure. Deficiency is one of the strongest known preventable risk factors for neural tube defects, including spina bifida, making this a key, well-documented association.
Across the options, there is a consistent thread: folate deficiency can impact blood formation, fetal growth, and neural tube development. The most comprehensive statement that integrates all these legitimate associations is the one that says all of the above. By recognizing each listed outcome as a potential consequence, you see how they collectively describe the spectrum of issues linked to inadequate folate during pregnancy.

BIO 132-Introduction to Nutrition-931 Quiz: Maternal Nutrition

A folate deficiency during pregnancy increases the risk of which of the following?

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