Question at position 10 To set the permission to file SECRET.DAT so that no one can delete it except the owner, we usechmod g-w,o-w SECRET.DATchmod 700 SECRET.DATAny of the abovechmod u+w SECRET.DAT

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Question: To set the permission to file SECRET.DAT so that no one can delete it except the owner, we use chmod g-w,o-w SECRET.DAT; chmod 700 SECRET.DAT; Any of the above; chmod u+w SECRET.DAT.

Option 1: chmod g-w,o-w SECRET.DAT
This command removes write permission for the group (g-w) and for others (o-w) on SECRET.DAT, while leaving the owner's permissions intact. By removing the write bit from group and others, you reduce the chances of those users modifying the file. If the owner still has write permission, the owner can modify it, and others cannot modify it via the file’s permissions. This aligns with the goal stated in the question as far as controlling who can modify the file, though note that deletion in Unix is controlled by directory permissions rather than the file’s permissions.

Option 2: chmod 700 SECRET.DAT
This command sets the permission to rwx for the owner and no permissions for group and others. It restricts access very tightly to the owner, including modification of the file. While this also achieves strong control, it is stricter than the stated requirement and affects execute permission on a regular file (which may be irrelevant if SECRET.DAT is not an executable). Depending on context, this could still satisfy the goal, but it is not the option identified as correct in the provided answer.

Option 3: Any of the above
This suggests that both the first and the second commands achieve the goal. Given the nuance that deletion rights on a file in Unix are actually governed by directory permissions, and the original intent focusing on the file’s permissions to prevent modification by others, this blanket choice is overly broad and not strictly accurate relative to the typical interpretation. Therefore, this option is not correct in the strict sense.

Option 4: chmod u+w SECRET.DAT
This command adds write permission for the owner (u+w). That increases the owner’s ability to modify the file and does not restrict others; it does not meet the goal of ensuring no one else can delete or modify the file. In fact, it could make it easier for the owner to modify, but it does not limit group/others, so it’s not aligned with the objective.

Summary of reasoning: The intended control is to remove write access for group and others on the file, leaving the owner’s permissions intact, which is exactly what chmod g-w,o-w SECRET.DAT does. The other options either impose stricter or different permissions (700), fail to address restriction appropriately (u+w), or claim that multiple options work when the interpretation does not consistently support that claim (Any of the above).

Question at position 10 To set the permission to file SECRET.DAT so that no one can delete it except the owner, we usechmod g-w,o-w SECRET.DATchmod 700 SECRET.DATAny of the abovechmod u+w SECRET.DAT

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