Enzyme regulation by negative feedback involves

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Question restated: Enzyme regulation by negative feedback involves which of the following mechanisms?

Option 1: allosteric inhibition of an enzyme by a product of its metabolic pathway. This aligns with the classic concept of negative feedback in biochemical pathways, where a downstream product binds to an allosteric site on an early enzyme to reduce its activity, thereby slowing the entire pathway when product levels are high.

Option 2: allosteric occupation of the active site of an enzyme so that it catalyzes less efficiently. While allosteric inhibition can occur, conventional negative feedback typically targets an allosteric site distinct from the active site, and the wording here suggests competitive-like interference at the active site, which is not the standard mechanism described for negative feedback regulation in metabolic pathways.

Option 3: allosteric facilitation of an enzyme by a substrate of its metabolic pathway. This describes positive regulation or feed-forward activation rather than negative feedback, since facilitation would boost enzyme activity rather than restrain it when product accumulates.

Option 4: allosteric modification of a substrate by an enzyme of an alternate metabolic pathway. This describes cross-pathway modification of a substrate, not the conventional negative feedback loop where the product of the same pathway inhibits its own pathway's enzyme to maintain homeostasis.

In summary, the hallmark of negative feedback in metabolism is that a product inhibits an enzyme controlling its production, typically through an allosteric site, reducing flux through the pathway when product levels are high. The other options either describe different regulatory modes (positive regulation), miss the direct product-enzyme interaction within the same pathway, or misplace the regulatory context (active-site competition or cross-pathway substrate modification).

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Enzyme regulation by negative feedback involves

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