Falsifiability, which is one criterion of a useful theory, means that a theory can be proven right or wrong based on research findings or observations.

Question

Falsifiability, which is one criterion of a useful theory, means that a theory can be proven right or wrong based on  research findings or observations.

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

In evaluating the statement, it helps to recall the concept of falsifiability in the philosophy of science. 
Option 1: True. If we interpret the claim as saying falsifiability means a theory can be proven right or wrong by research findings, this is misleading. Falsifiability is about the possibility of testing a theory in such a way that it could be shown false, if the evidence contradicts it. It does not guarantee that a theory will be proven right; it focuses on the potential for refutation through observation or experiment. 
Option 2: False. The accurate understanding is that a falsifiable theory is one that could, in principle, be disproven by empirical data. This allows for rigorous testing and potential refutation, which is a hallmark of scientific theories. Importantly, falsifiability does not claim that theories will be proven correct or incorrect in practice; it merely asserts that there must be testable conditions under which the theory could be shown false. 
To contrast further: thinking a theory can be proven right in all cases overstates what science claims, while insisting a theory can be proven wrong in every instance is equally problematic because some theories resist straightforward disproof even when they are robust. The key idea is the testability and potential refutation, not guaranteed confirmation. 
Therefore, the assertion that falsifiability means a theory can be proven right or wrong is not an accurate framing of the concept, which relies on potential refutation rather than guaranteed proof of correctness.

Falsifiability, which is one criterion of a useful theory, means that a theory can be proven right or wrong based on research findings or observations.

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Which statement(s) best explain why Popper stressed falsifiability as well as testability for demarcating science from pseudo-science?

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