Todd Preuss states that genes ______ related to ____ , and the gene ____ related to _____, are examples of genes positively selected in human evolution.

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We start by restating the question and the available options to ensure clarity about what is being evaluated.
Question: Todd Preuss states that genes ______ related to ____ , and the gene ____ related to _____, are examples of genes positively selected in human evolution.
Answer options:
1) FOXP2 and HLA, Memory, MAOB, vision
2) MCH1 and ASPM, brain size; FOXP2, language
3) MAOB and HPZ, cell growth; ASPM, language
4) HLA and IL6R, language; FOXP2, brain size
5) None of the above

Option 1: FOXP2 and HLA, Memory, MAOB, vision
- This choice pairs two genes (FOXP2 and HLA) with purported related traits (Memory and vision) that do not align with the well-documented examples discussed by Preuss in the context of positive selection in human evolution. FOXP2 is often linked to language, but the association with HLA and memory/vision here is mismatched, and the overall phrasing mixes multiple, unrelated gene-trait connections, which weakens its credibility.

Option 2: MCH1 and ASPM, brain size; FOXP2, language
- This option presents two gene-trait pairings: MCH1 and ASPM being related to brain size, and FOXP2 related to language. ASPM is a classic example frequently cited in discussions of brain size evolution and cortical development, while FOXP2 is widely associated with language-related traits. The combination mirrors the scholarly pattern of highlighting specific genes with endpoints in brain structure and language, aligning with what is described in discussions of positive selection in human evolution.

Option 3: MAOB and HPZ, cell growth; ASPM, language
- Here, MAOB (a monoamine oxidase) and HPZ (likely a mis-typed or incorrect gene) are claimed to relate to cell growth, with ASPM linked to language. The biology is inconsistent: ASPM is more commonly connected to brain development and size rather than language per se, and MAOB is not typically cited alongside a cell-growth trait in this context. The mismatched trait associations make this option biologically dubious.

Option 4: HLA and IL6R, language; FOXP2, brain size
- This option assigns HLA and IL6R to language, which is unsupported since HLA and IL6R are immune-related genes with no established primary link to language evolution. In contrast, FOXP2 is associated with language, but here it is paired with brain size, which diverges from the conventional linkage of FOXP2 to linguistic abilities rather than brain size, creating a confusing and inconsistent mapping.

Option 5: None of the above
- Given that Option 2 presents a coherent pairing that matches accepted motifs in studies of human evolution—linking ASPM to brain size and FOXP2 to language—claiming that none of the statements are true contradicts the plausible and commonly cited example in the literature. Selecting this would require discounting a well-aligned pair that fits the described pattern, which is not warranted by the presented options.

Overall, evaluating each option against the typical framework used in discussions of genes positively selected in human evolution shows that Option 2 provides the most plausible and consistent gene–trait associations, while the other options contain mismatches or implausible linkages. The distinctions hinge on correct understandings of which genes are linked to brain size, language, or other traits, and on avoiding speculative or inaccurate pairings.

PSY393H5 S LEC0101 393 Quiz

Todd Preuss states that genes __ related to , and the gene related to _, are examples of genes positively selected in human evolution.

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