Question at position 3 The shape of an Environmental Kuznets curve is...Inverted-U shapedincreasing at an increasing rate.U-shapeddecreasing at a decreasing rate.

Question

Question at position 3 The shape of an Environmental Kuznets curve is...Inverted-U shapedincreasing at an increasing rate.U-shapeddecreasing at a decreasing rate.

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Let's lay out the question and all answer choices clearly so we can compare them.
Question: The shape of an Environmental Kuznets curve is...
Answer options:
- Inverted-U shaped
- increasing at an increasing rate.
- U-shaped
- decreasing at a decreasing rate.
Now, evaluate each option one by one.
Option 1: Inverted-U shaped. This is the standard description of the Environmental Kuznets curve: environmental degradation initially worsens as an economy grows, but after reaching a certain income level, it starts to improve, creating an inverted-U shape when plotted against per-capita income. This option aligns with the classic EKC hypothesis and is therefore correct.
Option 2: increasing at an increasing rate. This would imply a continuously steepening ascent without any turning point, which does not reflect the EKC’s proposed reach-after-threshold improvement. Hence, this mischaracterizes the curve’s long-run behavior.
Option 3: U-shaped. A U-shaped curve would indicate degradation that worsens at first and then keeps worsening as income rises, never turning toward improvement. That contradicts the EKC idea of later environmental gains with higher income, so this is incorrect.
Option 4: decreasing at a decreasing rate. This describes a pattern of improvement that slows over time without an initial worsening phase, which again does not match the EKC’s two-phase idea of deterioration followed by recovery. Therefore this is also incorrect.
In summary, only the inverted-U shaped option captures the EKC’s proposed trajectory of initial environmental degradation followed by later improvement as income grows.

Question at position 3 The shape of an Environmental Kuznets curve is...Inverted-U shapedincreasing at an increasing rate.U-shapeddecreasing at a decreasing rate.

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