Which of type of embolism will occur in femoral fracture?i. fat embolismii. pulmonary embolismiii. air embolismiv. nitrogen gas embolism

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Question: Which types of embolism will occur in a femoral fracture?

Option a: ii, iii & iv (pulmonary embolism, air embolism, and nitrogen gas embolism)
- Why this is not the best choice: While a femoral fracture can be associated with fat embolism and, less commonly, pulmonary complications, air embolism is not a typical or direct consequence of a simple femoral fracture, and nitrogen gas embolism is not a standard postoperative or fracture-related embolic event. Including air and nitrogen gas embolisms makes this option inaccurate for a classic femoral fracture scenario.

Option b: i, ii, & iii (fat embolism, pulmonary embolism, and air embolism)
- Why this is not the best choice: This option correctly includes fat embolism and pulmonary embolism, which are relevant to femoral fractures, but it also includes air embolism. Air embolism is not a typical or expected embolic consequence of a standard femoral fracture, so this mix is partly inaccurate.

Option c: iii & iv (air embolism and nitrogen gas embolism)
- Why this is not the best choice: Both air embolism and nitrogen gas embolism are not standard embolic complications directly associated with a femoral fracture. Relying on these two excludes the more characteristic fat embolism and, to a lesser extent, pulmonary embolism.

Option d: i & ii (fat embolism and pulmonary embolism)
- Why this is the best choice: Fat embolism is a classic and well-documented complication of long bone fractures such as a femoral fracture, due to fat droplets entering the bloodstream from fractured bone marrow. Pulmonary embolism is also a common and clinically important complication that can arise from fat emboli or other thrombotic processes related to immobilization and injury. Although air embolism and nitrogen gas embolism are possible in certain trauma or surgical contexts, they are not the typical or expected embolic events following a femoral fracture, making this option the most accurate.

Overall assessment: Among the given options, the combination that best matches the standard clinical understanding of femoral fracture-related embolic events is fat embolism and pulmonary embolism, which corresponds to option d (i & ii).

Which of type of embolism will occur in femoral fracture?i. fat embolismii. pulmonary embolismiii. air embolismiv. nitrogen gas embolism

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