You are given an atom with 14 protons (or positive charges) in the nucleus and 14 electrons orbiting around it. When one extra proton is added to the nucleus and the electrons are staying in the same orbit (distance from the nucleus). This requires the energy possessed by the electrons to

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The question asks about what happens to the energy of the electrons when the nucleus gains one more proton, while the electrons stay at the same orbital distance from the nucleus.

First, restating the scenario: Initially there are 14 protons (Z = 14) and 14 electrons, arranged in orbitals around the nucleus. Then one more proton is added (Z becomes 15) but the electrons remain in the same orbital radii.

Because the nuclear charge Z increases, the electrostatic attraction between the nucleus and each electron becomes stronger. In atomic physics terms, the energy levels depend on Z; for a given principal quantum number n, the energy is more negative as Z increases (E_n ∝ -Z^2/n^2 in a simple Bohr-like model). This means the bound state becomes more strongly bound.

Option-by-option thinking (even though explicit options are not provided here):
- If an option claimed energy of the electrons decreases, that would imply they are less tightly bound or easier to keep in their orbit, which contradicts the stronger attraction from a higher Z. This is generally incorrect in this scenario.
- If an option claimed energy remains the same, that would ignore the change in the Coulomb attraction due to the increased nuclear charge; the orbital energy cannot stay identical when Z changes while the radius is fixed because the potential well depth changes with Z.
- If an option claimed energy must be supplied to keep the electrons in the same orbit, that aligns with the idea that the electrons would need to overcome the deeper potential to remain at the same radius, effectively requiring greater energy to maintain that orbit if one attempts to keep the same quantum state in a more strongly bound system.
- Conversely, if an option suggested no energy change and no external work is needed, that would ignore the physical consequence of increasing binding energy with higher Z.

Synthesis: With the nucleus gaining one proton, the electrostatic pull on each electron strengthens, and to maintain the same orbital distance, the electrons would require more energy to stay in that orbit within the now deeper potential well. In simple terms, the energy possessed by the electrons to remain in the same orbit must increase because the stronger attraction would otherwise pull them closer unless energy is supplied to resist that pull.

If the provided answer choice was increase, it is consistent with this reasoning: the electrons would need more energy to maintain the same orbital distance in the presence of the higher nuclear charge.

Note: The question’s answer options field is empty in the prompt, so this explanation also covers the general rationale for why an option like 'increase' would be the correct choice and why alternatives (e.g., 'decrease' or 'stay the same') would be incorrect in this context.

EESM5200 (L2) Part I: Topic 1 - From Atom to Band Diagram

You are given an atom with 14 protons (or positive charges) in the nucleus and 14 electrons orbiting around it. When one extra proton is added to the nucleus and the electrons are staying in the same orbit (distance from the nucleus). This requires the energy possessed by the electrons to

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