The energy released when an electron is added to an atom is the:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

In this question, we are asked to identify what term describes the energy released when an electron is added to an atom.
First, consider the process: adding an electron to a neutral atom typically releases energy if the atom becomes more stable by accommodating an extra electron. The key concept describing this energy change is electron affinity, which measures the energy change when an electron is attached to a neutral atom in the gaseous state.
It is distinct from ionization energy, which is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom, and from lattice or bond energies that pertain to condensed phases or chemical compounds.
Some common misconceptions might include confusing this with induced dipole interactions or with the energy changes associated with forming bonds in molecules; however, electron affinity specifically quantifies the energy change for the single-step addition of an electron to a neutral atom in the gas phase.
In summary, the energy released upon adding an electron to an atom corresponds to the electron affinity, reflecting the atom's tendency to gain an electron and reach a more stable electronic configuration.

The energy released when an electron is added to an atom is the:

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