In an electromagnetic wave in free space, the electric and magnetic fields are

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

In an electromagnetic wave in free space, the electric field, the magnetic field, and the direction of wave propagation are mutually perpendicular, forming an orthogonal triad. 
Option 1: 'perpendicular to one another and perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.' This is the correct geometric relationship for plane electromagnetic waves in free space: E is perpendicular to B, and both E and B are perpendicular to the propagation vector k. 
Option 2: 'perpendicular to one another and parallel to the direction of wave propagation.' This would place either E or B along the propagation direction, which contradicts Maxwell’s equations and the transverse nature of light in free space. 
Option 3: 'parallel to one another and parallel to the direction of wave propagation.' Having E and B parallel to each other and to the propagation direction violates the fundamental cross-field relationship and would not satisfy the wave equations for electromagnetic radiation. 
Option 4: 'parallel to one another and perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.' Here E and B would be parallel to each other, which is incorrect for a propagating electromagnetic wave, since the fields must be orthogonal and form the transverse plane to the propagation direction.

PHYSICS 1201 SU2025 (10585) MT2 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser

In an electromagnetic wave in free space, the electric and magnetic fields are

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