When you apply a load on ground, there will be a stress field develops in the soil underneath the ground. The effective stress in this stress field means;

Question

When you apply a load on ground, there will be a stress field develops in the soil underneath the ground. The effective stress in this stress field means;

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The provided data for this question is incomplete: there are no answer options listed to evaluate. Nevertheless, I will restate and examine the concept involved to guide understanding.

Restating the core idea: when a load is applied to the ground, a stress field develops in the soil beneath, and the effective stress is the stress carried by the soil skeleton after accounting for pore water pressure. In geotechnical terms, this is described by sigma' = sigma - u, where sigma is the total stress and u is the pore water pressure.

If we consider the option that says, "Stress develops at the inter-particle contact points":
- This statement touches an important physical aspect: the transmission of load in a granular soil occurs primarily through contact forces at grain-to-grain interfaces. The inter-particle contacts are where contact stresses in the soil skeleton are actually carried as grains press against each other.
- However, describing effective stress solely as the stress at inter-particle contact points is an oversimplification. Effective stress is a continuum concept representing the average stress within the soil skeleton that causes deformation and shear resistance, not simply a pointwise stress value at discrete contacts.
- Moreover, effective stress explicitly accounts for pore water pressure. Even if contact stresses exist at grain contacts, the effective stress should reflect the net stress carried by the soil skeleton after subtracting pore pressure. Thus, saying the effective stress equals the stress at inter-particle contacts omits the role of the fluid phase and the averaging nature of the concept.

In summary, while inter-particle contact stresses are a real and important part of how load is transmitted in a soil skeleton, the effective stress concept is broader: it is the stress within the soil skeleton (total stress minus pore water pressure) that governs deformation and strength, and it is not strictly defined only as the stress at individual contact points.

If you have the full set of answer options, we could precisely map this explanation to the correct choice and contrast it with the others. The key ideas to look for in options are: (1) inclusion of pore water pressure (u) in calculating effective stress, (2) interpretation as a continuum/average stress in the soil skeleton rather than a single contact-point value, and (3) acknowledgment that load transfer occurs through grain contacts but under the framework of sigma' = sigma - u.

ENEN20002_2025_SM1 Quiz on Lecture 32 material

When you apply a load on ground, there will be a stress field develops in the soil underneath the ground. The effective stress in this stress field means;

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