位置8的问题 Which of the following is NOT included in the reform package of the 1990s?Which of the following is NOT included in the reform package of the 1990s?SOE layoffDual-track price systemBanking independenceFiscal centralization

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To tackle the question, I’ll evaluate each item in the context of the 1990s reform package and determine whether it was included.
Option 1: SOE layoff. This reform item targeted state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and involved shedding workers to reduce excess employment and improve efficiency. It aligns with the broader reform goals of restructuring SOEs and improving productivity, so it is typically considered part of the reform package.
Option 2: Dual-track price system. The dual-track price system refers to a transitional mechanism where planned prices coexist with market-determined prices, allowing gradual liberalization. However, by the 1990s reform package discussions, the aim was to move away from dual-track arrangements toward fully market-based pricing. Therefore, this item is not a feature retained in the later reform package and is often identified as not included.
Option 3: Banking independence. Financial sector reforms in the 1990s pursued greater autonomy for central banks and more market-oriented banking practices, including independence from heavy government control in some contexts. This aligns with the reform goals, so it is considered included.
Option 4: Fiscal centralization. Reform efforts commonly emphasized decentralization and strengthened fiscal management to improve efficiency and control; measures toward more centralized or coordinated fiscal oversight were part of reform discussions, so this item is typically viewed as included.
Overall, when weighing whether each option belongs to the reform package, the contrast hinges on the move from transitional pricing mechanisms toward universal market pricing, where the dual-track approach is the outlier among the listed items.

位置8的问题 Which of the following is NOT included in the reform package of the 1990s?Which of the following is NOT included in the reform package of the 1990s?SOE layoffDual-track price systemBanking independenceFiscal centralization

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