Which of the following statements are true?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: Which of the following statements are true?

Option a: 'The core idea of doughnut economics is that all economic activity should be based on solutions of the circular economy to ensure that planetary boundaries and the carrying capacity of Earth are not transgressed.' This is not an accurate reflection of doughnut economics. While the model emphasizes staying within planetary boundaries, its core idea is not that economic activity should be based on circular economy solutions alone. The doughnut framework centers on meeting human needs (the social foundation) without transgressing ecological limits (the ecological ceiling). Limiting the statement to circular economy solutions oversimplifies and misplaces the central emphasis.

Option b: 'According to doughnut economics, the economy and companies should primarily serve the goals of ecological and social sustainability.' This aligns with the key idea of the doughnut: economic activity should operate within ecological boundaries while ensuring a just, socially fulfilling baseline for all people. The phrase 'primarily serve the goals' correctly captures the normative stance that the economy is a means to achieve ecological and social sustainability, not an end in itself.

Option c: 'Doughnut economics is centred on solving the challenges of sustainable development.' While there is overlap with sustainable development goals, this wording is too broad and lacks the specific framing of Doughnut economics. The doughnut model emphasizes balancing ecological ceilings with social foundations, rather than a generic statement about sustainable development. It’s not precisely capturing the distinctive structure of the doughnut metaphor, which makes this option less accurate as a description of the core idea.

In summary, option a misstates the core emphasis by foregrounding circular economy solutions rather than the broader balance between ecological boundaries and social foundations; option c is too generic and does not articulate the doughnut’s distinctive framing; option b correctly reflects the central purpose of the doughnut model by asserting that the economy should serve ecological and social sustainability.

Which of the following statements are true?

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