Double fertilization in angiosperms results in production of a zygote and the _____.

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Question restatement: Double fertilization in angiosperms results in production of a zygote and the _____.

Option 1: fruit
- This is incorrect as the fruit is the mature ovary that contains the seeds. Double fertilization specifically yields a zygote and endosperm, not the fruit tissue itself.
- Misconception often arises by confusing the protective structure (fruit) with the nutritive tissue produced inside the ovule.

Option 2: pollen
- Pollen is the male gametophyte that delivers sperm cells to the ovule, not a product of fertilization within the ovule. Therefore this choice does not describe the outcome of double fertilization.
- Confusion here would mix up male gametophyte function with post-fertilization products.

Option 3: seed
- The seed forms after fertilization and includes the embryo (from the zygote) plus often the endosperm and surrounding seed coat. However, the seed itself is a broader outcome, not the immediate product of double fertilization.
- In other words, while the zygote develops into the embryo within the seed, the direct products of double fertilization are specifically the zygote and endosperm, not the seed as an entity.

Option 4: endosperm
- This choice correctly identifies the other product of double fertilization: one sperm fuses with the egg to form the zygote, and another sperm fuses with two polar nuclei to form the triploid endosperm, which provides nutrients to the developing embryo.
- This aligns with plant reproductive biology where endosperm serves as the nutritive tissue in many angiosperms, supporting seed development.

Summarizing the reasoning across options:
- The fruit is a downstream structure derived from the ovary, not a direct result of double fertilization.
- Pollen is involved in delivering sperm but is not a product of fertilization.
- The seed contains the embryo and usually endosperm, but the immediate products of double fertilization are specifically zygote and endosperm, not the seed as a whole.
- Endosperm accurately represents the second product formed from the fusion of the second sperm with the polar nuclei during double fertilization, making it the correct choice.

BIOL 312 BIOL 312 - Exam 3

Double fertilization in angiosperms results in production of a zygote and the _____.

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