Strayer and Johnston's (2001) experiment involving simulated driving and the use of "hands-free" versus "handheld" cell phones found that

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The question asks about Strayer and Johnston's (2001) experiment on simulated driving and the effects of hands-free versus handheld cell phones on driving performance.
Option 1: 'driving performance was impaired only with the handheld cell phones.' This is incorrect because the study found impairment with both hands-free and handheld conditions, not just handheld. It misrepresents the equivalence of impairment across phone types.
Option 2: 'talking on either kind of phone impairs driving performance significantly and to the same extent.' This is the core finding reported by Strayer and Johnston: cognitive distraction from talking on a phone (regardless of device) degrades driving performance, and the level of impairment was similar for hands-free and handheld conditions. It reflects the idea that the task of conversing draws attention away from driving, producing comparable deficits.
Option 3: 'driving performance was impaired less with the hands-free phones than with the handheld phones.' This option contradicts the key result that impairment was similar across both conditions; it implies a difference that the study did not support.
Option 4: 'divided attention (driving and talking on the phone) did not affect performance.' This statement runs counter to the findings, which show that dividing attention between driving and a conversation increases driving errors and reduces performance.
In summary, the study emphasized that the act of conversing while driving, regardless of whether the phone is handheld or hands-free, disrupts driving performance, whereas the other options incorrectly claim either a difference in impairment levels or no effect at all.

Strayer and Johnston's (2001) experiment involving simulated driving and the use of "hands-free" versus "handheld" cell phones found that

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