Question68 Which of the following are the characteristics of Phase 1 of the demographic transition? High birth rates and high death rates Low birth and death rates Falling death rates but birth rates do not change much Declining birth and death rates ResetMaximum marks: 1 Flag question undefined

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

First, let me restate the question and all answer choices to set the context for the analysis.
Question: Which of the following are the characteristics of Phase 1 of the demographic transition?
Answer options:
- High birth rates and high death rates
- Low birth and death rates
- Falling death rates but birth rates do not change much
- Declining birth and death rates

Now, evaluating each option in turn:
Option 1: High birth rates and high death rates. This aligns with the classic description of Phase 1 (the high stationary phase) in the demographic transition model, where both birth and death rates are high, resulting in a relatively steady and low population growth. The reason this is correct is that limited medical care, high infant mortality, and subsistence living conditions tend to keep death rates elevated, while birth rates remain high due to cultural and economic factors.

Option 2: Low birth and death rates. This describes Phase 4 (the low stationary phase) of the demographic transition, not Phase 1. In Phase 4, both birth and death rates are low, leading to a stabilized population at a higher level, so this option is incorrect for Phase 1.

Option 3: Falling death rates but birth rates do not change much. This describes a transition towards lower mortality that often occurs early in the transition, but the phrase that birth rates do not change much is misleading for Phase 1. In Phase 2, death rates fall while birth rates remain high, causing rapid population growth; however the wording here suggests death rates fall without a corresponding change in births, which does not accurately capture Phase 1’s characteristics. Therefore, this option misidentifies the dynamics of Phase 1.

Option 4: Declining birth and death rates. This combination is characteristic of later phases (particularly Phase 4 or Phase 5 in some models) when both rates fall due to modernization, urbanization, and changes in fertility preferences. It does not describe Phase 1, so this option is incorrect.

In summary, when comparing all options, Option 1 is the one that correctly matches Phase 1’s hallmark of simultaneously high birth rates and high death rates, while the others misrepresent the phase by aligning with later stages or by suggesting inaccurate combinations of demographic trends.

Question68 Which of the following are the characteristics of Phase 1 of the demographic transition? High birth rates and high death rates Low birth and death rates Falling death rates but birth rates do not change much Declining birth and death rates ResetMaximum marks: 1 Flag question undefined

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