Full-flow is a flow condition that only exists in culverts operating under outlet control.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The statement provided is a true/false claim about a hydraulic condition in culverts.

First, recall what full-flow means in culvert hydraulics: it refers to a condition where the culvert is completely filled with water, so the flow is at or near the culvert’s full capacity for the given head, with no air gaps along the flow path. This typically corresponds to a situation where the culvert is carrying its maximum possible discharge given the upstream head.

Now consider outlet control. When a culvert operates under outlet control, the discharge is governed mainly by the energy losses near the outlet and the velocity and depth at the outlet, rather than by the upstream reservoir level alone. In many analyses of culvert flow, full-flow conditions are associated with outlet-control scenarios because the head loss at the outlet and the downstream boundary conditions determine whether the culvert is completely full and discharging at its full capacity. Therefore, the full-flow condition is indeed a characteristic that exists when the culvert is under outlet control, rather than being exclusively tied to other control scenarios.

Option analysis:
- True: This aligns with the understanding that full-flow represents a fully filled conduit with maximum discharge under the constraints of outlet control, making the statement correct.
- If one were to mark it false, the mistake would be assuming full-flow requires a different control regime (such as inlet control) or misunderstanding that full-flow cannot occur under outlet control. The nuance is that outlet control often determines whether the culvert operates at full capacity, producing a full-flow state under those conditions.

In summary, the assertion that full-flow is a flow condition that only exists in culverts operating under outlet control reflects the typical relationship between full-flow and outlet-control scenarios in culvert hydraulics, and is therefore correct.

ENGR3851_2025_S1_TON

Full-flow is a flow condition that only exists in culverts operating under outlet control.

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