Which of the following is NOT associated with critical thinking?

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Question: Which of the following is NOT associated with critical thinking?

Option a: making factual claims based on one’s gut. This option describes accepting statements without evidence or systematic reasoning, which runs counter to critical thinking processes like evaluating evidence, considering alternatives, and using logic. In critical thinking, gut feelings are generally not taken as a sole basis for factual claims; rather, claims should be supported by evidence and reasoning.

Option b: revealing surprising findings. Revealing findings, even if surprising, aligns with critical thinking because it involves reporting observations, questioning assumptions, and communicating results that may require further scrutiny. Critical thinking encourages sharing verifiable conclusions honestly, even when they surprise us.

Option c: debunking popular presumptions. Debunking presumptions is a core activity of critical thinking: examining widely held beliefs, testing them against evidence, identifying biases, and providing justification when those presumptions do not hold up.

Option d: identifying effective policies. Identifying or evaluating policies based on evidence, outcomes, and reasoning is consistent with critical thinking, as it requires analysis of data, consideration of alternatives, and assessment of impact before drawing conclusions.

In summary, option a stands in opposition to the disciplined, evidence-based approach of critical thinking, whereas options b, c, and d reflect typical critical-thinking activities that involve inquiry, evidence evaluation, and reasoned judgment.

PSY 200 (003) Fall 2025 Introduction to Psychology (TR, 1:30pm)

Which of the following is NOT associated with critical thinking?

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