The development of
[ Select ]
pidgin
creole
substrate
superstrate
adstrate
lexical borrowing
structural borrowing
languages typically occurs when a younger generation uses it as their primary means of communication.

Question

The development of 
[ Select ]
pidgin
creole
substrate
superstrate
adstrate
lexical borrowing
structural borrowing
 languages typically occurs when a younger generation uses it as their primary means of communication.

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

In this question, we are evaluating which term fits in the blank to complete the statement about language development. The overall sentence describes a progression in contact linguistics where a simplified contact variety becomes the community’s everyday language.
Option considerations:
- creole: This is the term that denotes a fully developed natural language that arises when a pidgin becomes nativized and acquired as a first language by children in a community. The house style of the sentence matches the standard description: a creole emerges as the younger generation adopts the language as their primary means of communication. This aligns with the well-known creolization process where a pidgin becomes a creole through first-language transmission and community-wide use.
- pidgin: A pidgin is a simplified contact language that develops for basic communication between groups without a common language; it is typically not spoken as a native language by children. Since the statement specifies that the younger generation uses it as their primary means of communication, pidgin by itself would be incorrect, because pidgins usually lack native speakers until they undergo creolization.
- substrate: In linguistic theory, a substrate language influences another language from beneath, often contributing phonology, syntax, or vocabulary, but it is not a type of language that comes into being as the community’s primary means of communication. This option describes a role in language contact rather than a developmental outcome for the entire language.
- superstrate: The opposite of substrate, a superstrate is the more dominant language contributing features to a contact language. Again, this is about influence rather than the emergence of a community-wide primary language among the younger generation.
- adstrate: This term is used less commonly in standard sociolinguistics and refers to contact situations where both languages influence each other without dominance. It is not the label for a language that becomes the main means of communication for the younger generation.
- lexical borrowing: This refers to the borrowing of words between languages and does not describe the development of a full language as a primary means of communication. It explains vocabulary exchange, not the creation of a creole from a pidgin.
- structural borrowing: Similar to lexical borrowing, this concerns the transfer of grammatical structures or syntax between languages. It is a process within contact linguistics, not the name of the resulting language type.
Thus, considering the phrasing about a younger generation using the language as their primary means of communication, creole best fits as the outcome of creolization where a pidgin becomes a fully functioning native language for a community.

LING 200 A Quiz 8 (Lang contact & change)

The development of [ Select ] pidgin creole substrate superstrate adstrate lexical borrowing structural borrowing languages typically occurs when a younger generation uses it as their primary means of communication.

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