What are the criteria is typically not used to compare costs and benefits in cost-benefit analysis? (multiple answers possible)

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The question asks which criteria are typically not used to compare costs and benefits in cost-benefit analysis, with the possibility of selecting more than one option.
Option a: Environmental impact. In many cost-benefit analyses, environmental impacts are included and monetized as part of the costs and benefits, so this is a criterion that is commonly considered, not excluded.
Option b: Social justice. Social justice concerns (such as equity across different groups) are often discussed in CBA but are not always included as monetized criteria in the core calculation. They are typically treated as distributional or ethical considerations rather than standard monetary costs/benefits, making this a plausible candidate for a criterion not used in the basic CBA comparison.
Option c: Financial profitability. Financial profitability of a project (e.g., return on investment, net present value to private investors) is often beyond the scope of public-sector CBA, which aims to measure social welfare rather than private profits. Therefore, it is commonly not used as a core criterion in social CBA analyses, aligning with the idea that this is not a standard criterion for comparing social costs and benefits.
Option d: Economic efficiency. Economic efficiency (allocative efficiency, Pareto efficiency, or cost-effectiveness) is a central goal of CBA, because the purpose is to assess whether resources are used in a way that yields the greatest net social benefit. Thus, this is definitely a criterion that is used, not omitted.
In summary, the statements that are not typically used as core criteria in cost-benefit analysis are social justice (b) and financial profitability (c), while environmental impact (a) and economic efficiency (d) are elements commonly incorporated or central to CBA discussions.

25_4 ECN4010A Economics of Public Policy

What are the criteria is typically not used to compare costs and benefits in cost-benefit analysis? (multiple answers possible)

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