Sophia wants to investigate whether there is a link between violent video gaming and aggression. She recruits 100 participants from the broader community. She then asks participants to report the number of hours they spend playing video games as well as the frequency at which they engage in aggressive behaviour. She then tests for a relationship between these variables. What type of research design is this?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

In this scenario, the researcher is observing two variables for a group of participants and examining whether they move together or show a relationship, without manipulating any variable or assigning participants to different conditions. This points toward a correlational approach.
Option 1: Experiment. This would require the researcher to manipulate an independent variable (e.g., assigning some participants to play violent games and others to non-violent games) and to randomize participants to groups, then observe effects on a dependent variable. Since Sophia does not manipulate any variable or assign participants to different conditions, this option does not fit.
Option 2: Quasi-experiment. A quasi-experimental design also involves manipulation of an independent variable but lacks random assignment to groups. In this case, there is no evident manipulation of a variable, so a quasi-experimental framework is not appropriate.
Option 3: Correlational. The core feature here is the examination of the relationship between two measured variables—hours spent playing video games and frequency of aggressive behavior—without any experimental manipulation. This aligns with a correlational design, which assesses whether increases in one variable are associated with increases (or decreases) in another.
Option 4: Case study. A case study typically involves an in-depth, detailed examination of a single person, group, or event, often with extensive qualitative data. The description specifies 100 participants and quantitative reports of hours and aggression, which does not fit the characteristic depth and single-subject focus of a case study.
In summary, the described study design matches a correlational approach because it involves measuring two variables and testing for their relationship without introducing any experimental manipulation or random assignment.

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