Question at position 1 “It is clear that the main element of any United States policy towards the Soviet Union must be that of a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies. . . . It is clear that the United States cannot expect in the foreseeable future to enjoy political intimacy with the Soviet regime. It must continue to regard the Soviet Union as a rival, not a partner, in the political arena. It must continue to expect that Soviet policies will reflect no abstract love of peace and stability, no real faith in the possibility of a permanent happy coexistence of the Socialist and capitalist worlds, but rather a cautious, persistent pressure towards the disruption and weakening of all rival influence and rival power.” Mr. X (George F. Kennan), State Department professional,“The Sources of Soviet Conduct,” Foreign Affairs, July 1947 Which of the following actions would best implement the goals andstrategy of George Kennan?“It is clear that the main element of any United States policy towards the Soviet Union must be that of a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies. . . . It is clear that the United States cannot expect in the foreseeable future to enjoy political intimacy with the Soviet regime. It must continue to regard the Soviet Union as a rival, not a partner, in the political arena. It must continue to expect that Soviet policies will reflect no abstract love of peace and stability, no real faith in the possibility of a permanent happy coexistence of the Socialist and capitalist worlds, but rather a cautious, persistent pressure towards the disruption and weakening of all rival influence and rival power.” Mr. X (George F. Kennan), State Department professional,“The Sources of Soviet Conduct,” Foreign Affairs, July 1947 Which of the following actions would best implement the goals andstrategy of George Kennan?Offering economic aid to Eastern Europe and the Soviet UnionUsing the U.S. Army to invade East Germany and liberate West BerlinUsing economic aid to block the appeal of communism in Western EuropeReorganizing all military services under the Department of Defense题目解析

Question

Question at position 1 “It is clear that the main element of any United States policy towards the Soviet Union must be that of a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies. . . . It is clear that the United States cannot expect in the foreseeable future to enjoy political intimacy with the Soviet regime. It must continue to regard the Soviet Union as a rival, not a partner, in the political arena. It must continue to expect that Soviet policies will reflect no abstract love of peace and stability, no real faith in the possibility of a permanent happy coexistence of the Socialist and capitalist worlds, but rather a cautious, persistent pressure towards the disruption and weakening of all rival influence and rival power.” Mr. X (George F. Kennan), State Department professional,“The Sources of Soviet Conduct,” Foreign Affairs, July 1947 Which of the following actions would best implement the goals andstrategy of George Kennan?“It is clear that the main element of any United States policy towards the Soviet Union must be that of a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies. . . . It is clear that the United States cannot expect in the foreseeable future to enjoy political intimacy with the Soviet regime. It must continue to regard the Soviet Union as a rival, not a partner, in the political arena. It must continue to expect that Soviet policies will reflect no abstract love of peace and stability, no real faith in the possibility of a permanent happy coexistence of the Socialist and capitalist worlds, but rather a cautious, persistent pressure towards the disruption and weakening of all rival influence and rival power.” Mr. X (George F. Kennan), State Department professional,“The Sources of Soviet Conduct,” Foreign Affairs, July 1947 Which of the following actions would best implement the goals andstrategy of George Kennan?Offering economic aid to Eastern Europe and the Soviet UnionUsing the U.S. Army to invade East Germany and liberate West BerlinUsing economic aid to block the appeal of communism in Western EuropeReorganizing all military services under the Department of Defense题目解析

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To begin, this question asks which policy action best implements Kennan’s containment strategy as articulated in The Sources of Soviet Conduct. 
Option 1: Offering economic aid to Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. While economic assistance can influence stability, Kennan’s model emphasizes preventing Soviet expansion and influence rather than subsidizing broader integration with the Soviet bloc. Providing aid to Eastern Europe or the USSR risks empowering states aligned with or dependent on Soviet power, which does not directly undermine Soviet expansionist aims. In other words, this option could inadvertently bolster the adversary rather than curb its appeal. 
Option 2: Using the U.S. Army to invade East Germany and liberate West Berlin. This is a dramatic military action that would risk triggering a larger conflict and escalate tensions beyond Kennan’s recommended patient, long-term containment. Kennan’s analysis stresses steady containment through political, economic, and diplomatic means rather than aggressive unilateral military incursions that could provoke a broader war. 
Option 3: Using economic aid to block the appeal of communism in Western Europe. This aligns with the classic containment strategy: prevent the spread of communism by stabilizing Western European economies, demonstrating the benefits of the capitalist-democratic model, and reducing economic desperation that might feed communist recruitment. The Marshall Plan is a prime historical example of this approach, tying economic assistance to strengthened political resilience against Soviet influence. 
Option 4: Reorganizing all military services under the Department of Defense. While organizational reforms can improve military efficiency, this option speaks to internal structure rather than directly implementing containment goals against Soviet expansion. It does not address how to deter Soviet influence or promote non-expansionist stability in Europe. 
Thus, when evaluating these choices against Kennan’s aim of long-term, patient, but firm containment, the most faithful option is the one that directly reduces the appeal of communism by bolstering Western Europe economically to resist Soviet influence.

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