Which of the following is a connection-based protocol?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: Which of the following is a connection-based protocol? Options: UDP, ICMP, TCP, PING.
Option 1: UDP — This is the user datagram protocol, which is designed to be connectionless. It does not establish a persistent connection before sending data and does not guarantee delivery, ordering, or error checking beyond basic checksums. Therefore, UDP is not connection-based.
Option 2: ICMP — The Internet Control Message Protocol is used for network diagnostics and error messaging. It operates without establishing a session or connection between endpoints, so it is not connection-based.
Option 3: TCP — The Transmission Control Protocol is explicitly connection-oriented. It creates a reliable, ordered stream between endpoints by performing a handshake (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK) and employing mechanisms like sequencing, acknowledgments, and flow control. This is the core reason TCP is considered connection-based.
Option 4: PING — PING is a network utility that uses ICMP echo requests and replies to check reachability. It is not itself a distinct connection-oriented protocol; rather, it relies on ICMP, which is connectionless. Thus, PING does not represent a connection-based protocol.
In summary, the characteristics described for each protocol align with TCP being the only option that is connection-based, while UDP and ICMP are connectionless, and PING is a utility that leverages a connectionless protocol rather than establishing a connection itself.

Which of the following is a connection-based protocol?

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