Consider the latency model for dynamic congestion windows. Which of the following components contribute to latency?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

In addressing the question about the latency model for dynamic congestion windows, it’s important to recognize that latency is multi-faceted rather than caused by a single factor.
First, propagation delay contributes to latency as signals travel through the physical medium from sender to receiver, which can be significant in wide-area networks.
Second, transmission delay adds to latency due to the time required to push the packet's bits onto the link, especially for larger frames or slower links.
Third, processing delay arises from the time routers and endpoints take to inspect headers, make forwarding decisions, and apply congestion window logic.
Fourth, queuing delay occurs when packets wait in buffers at routers or NICs during periods of congestion, which is highly relevant in dynamic congestion window scenarios where window adjustments interact with queue lengths.
Fifth, there can be additional backend or inter-process delays in software stacks, including scheduling and interrupt handling, that further contribute to overall latency.
Since the question asks which components contribute to latency and the available option is 'all of the above,' the correct interpretation is that all these components collectively determine the observed latency in dynamic congestion window models. None of these factors can be ignored if one aims to accurately model latency behavior.
If someone suggested that latency comes from a single source, they would be overlooking the intertwined nature of network transport, where propagation, transmission, processing, and queuing delays each play a role in shaping end-to-end latency.

CS5700.40642.202530 Midterm Quiz

Consider the latency model for dynamic congestion windows. Which of the following components contribute to latency?

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