The figure presents a diagram that depicts a karyotype of an individual human. There are twenty two pairs of chromosomes labeled one to twenty two. Within each pair, the chromosomes are identical. There are two identical chromosomes labeled X and one chromosome labeled Y.

The diagram above depicts a karyotype of an individual human. Which of the following statements concerning the karyotype in the diagram is true?

Question

The figure presents a diagram that depicts a karyotype of an individual human. There are twenty two pairs of chromosomes labeled one to twenty two. Within each pair, the chromosomes are identical. There are two identical chromosomes labeled X and one chromosome labeled Y.

The diagram above depicts a karyotype of an individual human. Which of the following statements concerning the karyotype in the diagram is true?

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

First, consider what the diagram shows: a human karyotype with the standard 22 autosome pairs, and a sex chromosome composition described as two identical X chromosomes and one Y chromosome. This combination is characteristic of an individual with an extra X chromosome on the male karyotype, i.e., 47,XXY, which is associated with the condition known as Klinefelter syndrome.

Option 1: 'The diagram indicates a mechanism for increasing genetic diversity in subsequent generations.' This is not what a nondisjunction- or chromosome-number abnormality diagram demonstrates. Increasing genetic diversity is more about meiosis and recombination in general, not a description of an abnormal chromosomal copy number in a single individual. The image specifically highlights an abnormal number of sex chromosomes, not a process that directly explains diversity.

Option 2: 'The diagram illustrates a genetic condition found in females.' The presence of a Y chromosome rules this out. A female would typically have two X chromosomes (46,XX) and no Y. Since the karyotype described includes a Y, the subject is male, so this statement is incorrect.

Option 3: 'The diagram illustrates the results of nondisjunction during gamete formation.' Nondisjunction is the failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly during meiosis, which can produce gametes with extra or missing chromosomes. If such a gamete with an extra X chromosome (or a Y) participates in fertilization, the resulting zygote can have an abnormal sex chromosome complement like XXY. This description aligns with the observed karyotype and is a plausible explanation for how XXY could arise, making this option conceptually accurate.

Option 4: 'The diagram indicates Down syndrome, a genetic condition.' Down syndrome is trisomy 21 (three copies of chromosome 21), not a sex-chromosome disorder like XXY. The diagram emphasizes sex chromosomes rather than an extra chromosome 21, so this interpretation is incorrect.

In summary, the only option that correctly matches the scenario depicted by a karyotype showing two X chromosomes and one Y is the nondisjunction during gamete formation explanation, while the other choices rely on misinterpretations about gender, mechanism, or the specific chromosome involved.

APBIO141-031 with labs S15 - CollegeBoard* AP Exam Prep: Multiple Choice

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