Question at position 48 Which signaling mechanism uses neurotransmitters to communicate between a neuron and a target cell at a short range?Autocrine signalingParacrine signalingSynaptic signalingEndocrine signaling

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Let's break down the question and evaluate each signaling option in the context of how neurons communicate with target cells at short range.
Option 1: Autocrine signaling. Autocrine signaling involves a cell releasing signaling molecules that act on receptors on the same cell that released them. This is not primarily about communication between a neuron and a nearby target cell, but rather self-stimulation, so it does not fit the description of short-range neuron-to-target signaling.
Option 2: Paracrine signaling. Paracrine signaling uses locally released factors that affect nearby cells in the neighborhood. While this is a short-range mechanism, it generally refers to signaling between cells in tissues rather than the specialized synaptic connection between a neuron and its specific post-synaptic target. It is close in spirit but does not capture the precise neuron-to-target cell communication at synapses.
Option 3: Synaptic signaling. Synaptic signaling is the classic mechanism by which neurons communicate with a specific target cell (usually another neuron or a muscle/gland cell) via neurotransmitters released into a synaptic cleft at a very short distance. This is textbook short-range chemical communication between a neuron and its target.
Option 4: Endocrine signaling. Endocrine signaling involves hormones released into the bloodstream, traveling long distances to reach distant target cells. This is clearly not short-range or neuron-to-target signaling, so it does not match the description.
In summary, understanding the spatial scope and cellular targets clarifies the distinction: autocrine is self-action, paracrine is local but not synaptic, synaptic precisely matches neuron-to-target communication at a tight junction, and endocrine involves systemic signaling. The option that precisely describes short-range communication between a neuron and a target cell via neurotransmitters at a synapse is Synaptic signaling.

Question at position 48 Which signaling mechanism uses neurotransmitters to communicate between a neuron and a target cell at a short range?Autocrine signalingParacrine signalingSynaptic signalingEndocrine signaling

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Question at position 48 Which signaling mechanism uses neurotransmitters to communicate between a neuron and a target cell at a short range?Autocrine signalingParacrine signalingSynaptic signalingEndocrine signaling

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Insulin binds to specific receptors on the plasma membranes of its target cells. This binding triggers pathways that influence transport proteins and intracellular enzymes of the target cell.

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