According to the research of Latané and Darley, which of the following situations would be the most likely in which someone would offer to help?

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Revisiting the core idea from Latané and Darley about helping behavior, the likelihood of intervention generally decreases as the number of bystanders increases, because responsibility is diffused among more people.
Option 1: 'person on the side of the road with a flat tire during rush hour' — although there is someone in need, the presence of many bystanders along the road during rush hour can lead to diffusion of responsibility and reduced individual chance of helping, making it less likely than in a scenario with fewer witnesses.
Option 2: 'person asking for help in a crowded stadium parking lot' — in a crowded setting with many potential witnesses, diffusion of responsibility is high, which typically lowers the chance that any one person will step in, so this is not the most likely helping situation.
Option 3: 'person falling down coming out of an elevator with only one other person in it' — this fits the classic bystander effect framework where there is a very small number of bystanders (essentially just the other person present); diffusion is minimized and the directness of the need is clear, making a helping response more probable.
Option 4: 'a student falling off a ladder outside a full classroom' — while there is danger, the phrasing is ambiguous about how many people actually witness it and how accessible help is; and outside a full classroom could still involve many potential helpers, but the specific cue of only one other observer in option 3 makes it the most likely scenario for immediate intervention according to Latané and Darley’s findings.
In summary, the situation with the least diffusion of responsibility and a clear, immediate need—the elevator incident with just one other person present—is the scenario most conducive to getting help under the bystander effect theory.

According to the research of Latané and Darley, which of the following situations would be the most likely in which someone would offer to help?

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