The “bystander effect” states that a particular bystander is less likely to give aid if

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The topic here is the bystander effect, a social psychology phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help a victim when other people are present.
Option 1: 'other people are present' correctly identifies the core condition that decreases the likelihood of helping, because diffusion of responsibility and social influence reduce individual urgency.
Option 2: 'the victim is similar to the bystander in appearance' sounds plausible as a factor in helping in general, but it is not the defining condition of the bystander effect; similarity can influence empathy or helping in some contexts, yet the classic effect focuses on the presence of others.
Option 3: 'no one else is present' would actually remove the diffusion of responsibility, making it more likely for an individual to intervene; this runs counter to the bystander effect's central pattern.
Option 4: 'the incident occurs in a deserted or rural area' concerns the setting or perceived risk, which can affect helping in various ways, but the fundamental demonstration of the bystander effect centers on the presence of others rather than the location being deserted or rural.
In summary, the defining condition described by the bystander effect is the presence of other bystanders, which reduces the probability that any one person will intervene, due to social norms, diffusion of responsibility, and ambiguity about who is responsible.

PSYC1_FA25_A00 Quiz 4

The “bystander effect” states that a particular bystander is less likely to give aid if

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