6. You need to create a search statement to find peer-reviewed studies about bias in AI tools used by universities, including variants like bias, biased, or biases. Which search statement is the best?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: You need to create a search statement to find peer-reviewed studies about bias in AI tools used by universities, including variants like bias, biased, or biases. Which search statement is the best?

Option A: A. bias* AND AI AND (university OR college)
- Analysis: This option uses a wildcard on bias* to capture bias, biases, biased, etc., and combines it with AI and a campus synonym group (university OR college). The logic is straightforward and broad enough to retrieve studies about bias in AI within university contexts. The parentheses correctly group the university/college synonym, ensuring both concepts are linked by AND to AI and the bias term. This alignment matches the desired topic efficiently.

Option B: B. "bias in AI" AND
- Analysis: This phrase-based approach is too restrictive because it fixes the phrase bias in AI and also truncates with AND but lacks complete partner terms to tie in universities or peer-reviewed context. It risks missing articles that phrase the concept differently or omit the exact two-word phrase, and the cut-off at AND suggests an incomplete statement, making it impractical as a standalone search string.

Option C: C. (bias* OR "AI tools") AND peer–
- Analysis: This option starts with a broader bias* OR AI tools combination but then trails with AND peer–, which is incomplete and ends with a truncated term, not a usable final search string. The dash trailing suggests a continuation that is missing, and it would fail to reliably constrain results to universities or peer-reviewed studies. As written, it is syntactically invalid for most search interfaces.

Option D: D. (bias* AND "AI tools") AND (universit* OR "higher education")
- Analysis: This option attempts to link bias* with AI tools and then constrain to higher-education institutions via universit* or higher education. While it captures the institutional context, the phrasing is slightly less inclusive than Option A because it requires the exact pair bias* AND AI tools, which could miss studies that discuss bias in AI more generally (not specifically labeled as AI tools). It is still reasonable but not as broad as Option A, which allows AI broadly and still anchors to the university context using (university OR college).

Synthesis: Among the options, A stands out for combining a broad, flexible bias term with AI and a broad university-related term using proper grouping, maximizing retrieval of relevant peer-reviewed studies while maintaining concise syntax. The other options either rely on incomplete phrasing, over-narrow phrasing, or introduce unnecessary or problematic constructs that reduce recall.

Practical takeaway: When constructing search statements for this topic, using a wildcard on the bias term (bias*) captures biases, biased, biases, etc., and pairing it with AI and a broad university-related group (university OR college) tends to yield a comprehensive yet targeted result set. Keep an eye on whether your database supports exact phrase matching or proximity operators, and adjust parentheses accordingly to preserve intended logic in the final query.

_CAES1001_INTEGRITY_1_2025 Task 2.3 Building a search statement

6. You need to create a search statement to find peer-reviewed studies about bias in AI tools used by universities, including variants like bias, biased, or biases. Which search statement is the best?

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