Which statement applies to artificial selection, but not natural selection?

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Question restatement: Which statement applies to artificial selection, but not natural selection?

Option 1: 'Organisms are capable of producing more offspring than typically will survive.' This is a general observation of reproduction and survival pressures that apply to both natural and artificial contexts, not something unique to artificial selection. It describes a basic aspect of competition for resources, not a feature exclusive to human-directed breeding.

Option 2: 'The phenotypic variation of a species can be increased very rapidly.' This reflects a scenario where human intervention can introduce or magnify variety through deliberate breeding programs, cross-breeding, or selection across multiple lines, potentially accelerating the appearance of new phenotypes beyond what natural processes alone would typically produce in a short time. While natural selection can alter traits, it usually modulates existing variation rather than rapidly increasing overall phenotypic diversity; artificial selection, guided by human preferences, can push new phenotypes into prominence quickly, making this statement characteristic of artificial selection rather than natural selection.

Option 3: 'Phenotypic variation exists within populations.' This is a fundamental truth about biological populations in both natural and artificial contexts. Variation arises from mutations, recombination, and other processes, and exists regardless of whether selection is natural or human-imposed.

Option 4: 'Phenotypic variation can influence reproductive success.' In natural selection, variation in traits affects fitness and thus reproductive success; in artificial selection, humans actively choose individuals with desirable traits to reproduce, so variation influences outcomes as well. This statement is true for both processes, not exclusive to artificial selection.

Option 5: 'Phenotypic variation within a species is due in part to inherited characteristics.' Inheritance underpins how traits are passed to offspring in both natural and artificial selection; this statement is a general principle of evolution and breeding, not unique to artificial selection.

Summary assessment: Among the options, the one that captures a feature more specific to artificial selection—namely the potential to rapidly increase phenotypic variation through human-directed breeding—is option 2. The other statements describe principles that apply to natural selection as well or are general facts about variation that do not distinguish artificial from natural selection.

BIOL-1407-078 Lecture Test 4- Final- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser

Which statement applies to artificial selection, but not natural selection?

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