The following is an Assertion/Reason question. These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. Read both statements carefully and then select the correct answer from the options below[table]
Assertion | | Reason The inappropriate use of the glycopeptide antibiotic avoparcin in animal husbandry is the ONLY reason that is likely to explain the emergence of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) worldwide | Because | The use of the antibiotic avoparcin can result in the selection of enterococci with cross-resistance to vancomycin
[/table]

Question

The following is an Assertion/Reason question. These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. Read both statements carefully and then select the correct answer from the options below[table]
Assertion |  | Reason The inappropriate use of the glycopeptide antibiotic avoparcin in animal husbandry is the ONLY reason that is likely to explain the emergence of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) worldwide | Because | The use of the antibiotic avoparcin can result in the selection of enterococci with cross-resistance to vancomycin
[/table]

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The prompt presents an Assertion/Reason type question with two statements. We will evaluate each option carefully by considering what the Assertion and the Reason claim, and whether the Reason logically explains the Assertion.

Option a: Both the Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion. This would mean that not only is the claim about avoparcin and VRE accurate, but also that the Reason directly explains why the Assertion is true. However, the Assertion states that the inappropriate use of avoparcin is the ONLY reason explaining VRE emergence worldwide. This is a strong claim that overlooks other potential contributing factors, such as other glycopeptide exposures, hospital practices, cross-transmission, infection control lapses, and ecological pressures. Therefore, even if the Reason is true (avoparcin can select for cross-resistance), it does not support the claim of the Assertion being exclusively the sole reason. Hence, option a is likely incorrect.

Option b: Both the Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion. Here, we would accept that the Reason is true—avoparcin can select for Enterococcus with cross-resistance to vancomycin—but it fails to justify the absolute claim that avoparcin is the ONLY reason. Since the Reason does not logically underwrite the exclusivity asserted, this option plausibly reflects the relationship between the statements.

Option c: The Assertion is true but the Reason is false. If the Assertion were true, it would assert that avoparcin use is the sole reason for VRE emergence. Given the broader literature showing multiple factors can contribute to antimicrobial resistance, this Assertion is likely false. Therefore, this option is unlikely because it relies on the assumption that the Assertion is true.

Option d: The Assertion is false but the Reason is true. This option declares the claim that avoparcin is the only reason as false, while agreeing that avoparcin use can cause cross-resistance (the Reason). This aligns with the expectation that the exclusivity claim is untenable due to other contributing factors, while the mechanism stated in the Reason is accurate.

Option e: Both the Assertion and Reason are false. This would require that the Reason is not true (avoparcin does not lead to cross-resistance to vancomycin, which is inaccurate since cross-resistance has been documented) and that the Assertion is false (the exclusive claim is incorrect). Given known evidence of cross-resistance potential with glycopeptides, this option is unlikely.

In summary, the most consistent choice is that the Assertion is false because it claims exclusivity, while the Reason remains true in describing a mechanism by which avoparcin exposure can select for vancomycin-like resistance. This supports selecting the option stating that the Assertion is false but the Reason is true. However, note that the exact wording of the correct option hinges on the test’s labeling, which in this case corresponds to assertion being false and reason being true.

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