Question at position 57 Which is NOT a mechanism of bacteria antibiotic resistance?Overexpression of target proteinEnzymatic inactivation or modificationDecreased uptakeProtein misfoldingClear my selection

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Question at position 57 asks which option is NOT a mechanism of bacteria antibiotic resistance.
Option 1: Overexpression of target protein. This can confer resistance because increasing the amount of the antibiotic’s target can dilute the effect of the drug, or the cell can compensate by having more target molecules to interact with, reducing overall efficacy. It is a known resistance strategy in some contexts.
Option 2: Enzymatic inactivation or modification. Bacteria commonly resist antibiotics by producing enzymes that chemically modify or degrade the drug (e.g., beta-lactamases) or alter its target, rendering the drug ineffective. This is a well-established mechanism.
Option 3: Decreased uptake. Reducing the permeability of the cell envelope or actively pumping drugs out can limit intracellular drug concentrations, helping bacteria survive antibiotic exposure. This is a recognized resistance strategy through decreased uptake or increased efflux combined with other mechanisms.
Option 4: Protein misfolding. While misfolded proteins can be harmful to cells, misfolding is not a recognized active mechanism by which bacteria achieve antibiotic resistance. Resistance typically arises from regulated processes that modify, inactivate, expel, or otherwise reduce the drug’s impact, rather than random misfolding of proteins.
Thus, among the options, protein misfolding stands out as not being a standard mechanism of antibiotic resistance, whereas the other listed strategies are established resistance mechanisms. The reasoning highlights how each mechanism would influence antibiotic effectiveness and why misfolding does not constitute a deliberate resistance strategy.

Question at position 57 Which is NOT a mechanism of bacteria antibiotic resistance?Overexpression of target proteinEnzymatic inactivation or modificationDecreased uptakeProtein misfoldingClear my selection

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