The most common drugs for soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) that target the microtubules are:

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

In tackling the question about the drugs most commonly used for soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) that target microtubules, I first recall the mechanism of action of the major anthelmintics used for STHs.
Option 1: Moxidectin. This drug belongs to the macrocyclic lactone family and primarily acts on glutamate-gated chloride channels in the parasite nervous system, leading to paralysis. Its main use is in nematode infections but not through microtubule disruption, so it does not fit the microtubule-targeting criterion.
Option 2: Nitazoxanide. Nitazoxanide has a broad antiparasitic profile and works through different enzymatic pathways, including interference with pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (in some parasites) and other metabolic targets. It is not known for microtubule disruption in helminths, so it does not meet the microtubule-targeting requirement.
Option 3: Benzimadazoles. This class includes benzimidazoles such as albendazole and mebendazole, which are classic microtubule inhibitors. They bind to beta-tubulin in the parasite, preventing microtubule polymerization and impairing glucose uptake and other essential processes, making them highly effective against STHs with this mechanism.
Option 4: Ivermectin. Like moxidectin, ivermectin is a macrocyclic lactone that targets chlorine channels in nerve and muscle cells of the parasite, leading to paralysis. Its action is not through microtubule disruption, so it does not satisfy the microtubule-targeting criterion.
Option 5: Pyrantel pamoate. This compound acts as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist at the neuromuscular junction of parasites, causing depolarizing paralysis. Again, this mechanism is not related to microtubule disruption, so it is not a microtubule-targeting agent.
Putting these pieces together, only the microtubule-targeting mechanism aligns with the description of drugs that act on the microtubules in STHs, while the others rely on alternate nervous system or metabolic targets. The key distinction is between microtubule disruption versus effects on ion channels or metabolic pathways, which is central to understanding why the other options do not fit the stated mechanism.

The most common drugs for soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) that target the microtubules are:

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