Question at position 36 If you were setting up an experiment to test dance communication while controlling for chemical signals, which modification would be most effective? Use unscented sugar water in all feedersLay the comb horizontal instead of verticalPlace feeders at varying distances in the same directionRemove the wings from dancing bees

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Question restatement: If you were setting up an experiment to test dance communication while controlling for chemical signals, which modification would be most effective?
Answer options:
1) Use unscented sugar water in all feeders
2) Lay the comb horizontal instead of vertical
3) Place feeders at varying distances in the same direction
4) Remove the wings from dancing bees

Option 1: Use unscented sugar water in all feeders. This choice directly targets the control of chemical signals by removing scent cues from the feeders, allowing the experiment to isolate dance communication without interference from olfactory cues. It aligns with the goal of controlling chemical signals and should reduce confounding variables related to pheromones or nectar scent.

Option 2: Lay the comb horizontal instead of vertical. The orientation of the comb could influence how bees access resources or how dancers move, but it does not address chemical signaling control as a primary mechanism. This modification might affect behavior in other ways, but it isn’t the most direct or effective method to isolate dance communication from chemical cues.

Option 3: Place feeders at varying distances in the same direction. Varying distances could introduce spatial confounds, such as differing travel paths or effort, which might complicate interpretation of dance signals. While spatial arrangement matters, this option does not specifically control chemical signals, and could confound the measurement of dance communication rather than isolate it.

Option 4: Remove the wings from dancing bees. This is an extreme manipulation that would alter the fundamental behavior being studied and raise ethical and methodological concerns. Removing wings would physically impair the bees and invalidate the core variable (dance communication), making this option inappropriate for testing marketing of dance signals while controlling chemistry.

In summary, the most direct and appropriate modification to control for chemical signals and focus on dance communication is to use unscented sugar water in all feeders, minimizing olfactory cues that could influence bees’ behavior. The other options either fail to address chemical signaling explicitly or introduce secondary effects that could confound the results.

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