Question at position 11 Which of the following bee communications matches up with its meaning?Shaking - warns of invaders in the hiveWaggle dance - communicates species of flower foundBuzzing runs - elicits swarming behaviorGrooming dance - the communicating bee is asking to clean the queen

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Question at position 11: Which of the following bee communications matches up with its meaning?
Option 1: Shaking - warns of invaders in the hive. While shaking could be a form of signaling in some social animals, in honey bees the classic alarm or warning signals are typically communicated through other behaviors such as buzzing, stinging, or specific alarm pheromones rather than a generic 'shaking' gesture. This option misattributes a particular signaling function to a non-standard term, making it dubious as the primary mapping.
Option 2: Waggle dance - communicates species of flower found. The waggle dance is a well-established bee communication that conveys information about the direction and distance to a food source, specifically the type and quality of nectar or pollen, but not the species of the flower itself. Saying it communicates the species of flower found is an overstatement of the waggle dance’s traditional meaning, which focuses on forage location rather than taxonomic identification of flowers.
Option 3: Buzzing runs - elicits swarming behavior. This option links buzzing-related activity to swarming, a complex colony-level behavior that bees undertake under specific ecological and seasonal conditions. While intense buzzing can accompany various colony activities, the standard, well-supported association in honey bee communication is not that buzzes or ‘buzzing runs’ directly elicit swarming; swarming is driven by colony dynamics and pheromonal cues rather than a simple buzzing cue alone. Therefore this pairing is not a canonical or widely accepted mapping.
Option 4: Grooming dance - the communicating bee is asking to clean the queen. In honey bee communication, grooming behaviors are about social hygiene and care, including the grooming of nestmates and the queen, but there is no distinct 'grooming dance' that serves as a message of asking to clean the queen. The specific phrasing here suggests a mischaracterization of a grooming-related signal as a dance-based message, which does not align with the established terminology and roles of bee dances.
Overall, each option contains a proposed mapping between a behavior and its meaning, but only one option aligns with the traditional and documented bee communication concepts where the described pairing corresponds to a recognized signaling purpose. The other options either misstate the function of the signal or mislabel the type of communication used by bees, leading to inaccurate interpretations of their communicative repertoire.

Question at position 11 Which of the following bee communications matches up with its meaning?Shaking - warns of invaders in the hiveWaggle dance - communicates species of flower foundBuzzing runs - elicits swarming behaviorGrooming dance - the communicating bee is asking to clean the queen

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The exchange of information using signals or displays, usually between individuals of the same species, is called .

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