Proton pumps are __________ involved in ___________

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: The prompt asks about proton pumps and how they are involved in transport across membranes. Options present different types of proteins and modes of transport. Now, let's evaluate each option in turn.

Option 1: 'Channel proteins; passive transport' Channel proteins form pores that allow specific ions to diffuse down their electrochemical gradient, which is passive transport. Proton pumps, however, actively move protons against their gradient using energy, so this pairing is incorrect because proton pumps are not channel proteins and do not mediate passive transport.

Option 2: 'Channel proteins; active transport' This option combines channel proteins with active transport. While some proteins can participate in active transport, proton pumps are not channel proteins; they function as carriers that use energy to move ions. The mismatch—channel proteins conducting passive diffusion versus proton pumps requiring energy—makes this option incorrect.

Option 3: 'Carrier proteins; facilitated diffusion' Facilitated diffusion via carrier proteins involves moving substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, still a passive process. Proton pumps use energy to move protons against their gradient, which is active transport. Additionally, while carrier proteins can mediate facilitated diffusion, proton pumps do not operate this way, so this option is not accurate for proton pumps.

Option 4: 'Carrier proteins; active transport' This pairing correctly identifies proton pumps as carrier proteins (they undergo conformational changes to move ions) and correctly characterizes their function as active transport (requiring energy, moving protons against their electrochemical gradient). The alignment of 'carrier proteins' with 'active transport' accurately reflects the mechanism of proton pumps.

In summary, each incorrect option either mislabels the type of transport (passive vs. active) or the type of membrane protein (channel vs. carrier), whereas the fourth option correctly matches proton pumps to carrier proteins performing active transport.}

Bio 93 Section CDE 2025 Midterm 1- Section E

Proton pumps are involved in _

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