What is the well-to-wheels efficiency of an ICE that is powered by fossil liquified gas? Express your answer as a whole number. For example, if the answer is 15%, just input 15.

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Rephrase of the task: You’re asked to determine the well-to-wheels efficiency of an internal combustion engine (ICE) powered by fossil liquified gas, and to express the result as a whole number.

First, a quick framing of what well-to-wheels efficiency means: it combines the energy losses from extracting and processing the fossil fuel (the well-to-tank portion) with the losses from converting that fuel into usable work in the vehicle (the tank-to-wheels portion). In other words, it covers the entire energy pathway from resource to motion.

Consider the main contributing factors:
- Well-to-tank: energy content adjustments, extraction, processing, liquefaction, and transportation of fossil LNG, each stage consuming some energy and typically reducing the usable energy that actually reaches the engine.
- Tank-to-wheels: the engine’s thermal efficiency (how effectively the ICE converts chemical energy to mechanical energy) plus drivetrain losses (transmission, auxiliaries, etc.).

For fossil LNG used in an ICE, typical real-world overall well-to-wheels efficiencies are limited by the relatively low thermodynamic efficiency of the ICE, drivetrain losses, and the energy overheads in fuel conditioning and delivery. While the engine alone might run with thermal efficiencies in the ballpark of ~25–30% under ideal conditions, the aggregate well-to-wheels figure tends to be moderated downward by fuel production and handling losses, often placing the overall efficiency in the neighborhood of a few tens of percent.

With that in mind, the rounded whole-number estimate commonly cited for well-to-wheels efficiency in this setup tends to align with around 20%. This reflects the combination of energy losses across the fuel supply chain and the engine/drivetrain inefficiencies, yielding a moderate overall efficiency value rather than a high one.

If you had multiple-choice options, you would compare them against this typical range (roughly 15–25%) and select the value that best matches the aggregate losses described above. In a context where a single whole-number option is expected, 20% is a plausible representative estimate.

Note: exact numbers can vary based on engine design, drivetrain configuration, driving conditions, and specifics of the LNG supply chain, so in some cases you might see estimates a bit above or below 20%. The key idea is that well-to-wheels efficiency for an ICE powered by fossil LNG is significantly lower than the engine’s thermal efficiency alone due to upstream energy losses and drivetrain losses.

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What is the well-to-wheels efficiency of an ICE that is powered by fossil liquified gas? Express your answer as a whole number. For example, if the answer is 15%, just input 15.

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