When a molecule has lone pairs on the central element the electron geometries are:

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Rephrased question: When a molecule has lone pairs on the central element, the electron geometries are:

Option 1: the same
- Why this is not correct: Electron geometry accounts for all electron domains around the central atom, including both bonding pairs and lone pairs. Lone pairs occupy space and influence the arrangement of electron domains, so the presence of lone pairs changes the electron-domain arrangement compared to a situation with no lone pairs. Therefore, the electron geometry is not the same as it would be if there were no lone pairs.

Option 2: different
- Why this is correct: Because lone pairs add additional electron domains around the central atom, they alter the overall electron-domain geometry. For example, a central atom with two bonding pairs and two lone pairs has a different electron geometry (tetrahedral electron-domain geometry) than if those lone pairs were absent (which could yield a different count of electron domains). In short, lone pairs change the electron geometry, making it different from the geometry you would have without them.

Additional context: The distinction between electron geometry and molecular geometry hinges on whether lone pairs are counted in the arrangement. Electron geometry describes where all electron regions are located, while molecular geometry describes the arrangement of only the atoms (ignoring lone pairs). This nuance is exactly why lone pairs affect the electron geometry but not the same sense of symmetry when considering only atoms in space.

1A W25 VSEPR-Atoms with Lone Pairs

When a molecule has lone pairs on the central element the electron geometries are:

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