What pattern of results would suggest that categorical distinctiveness plays a key role in visual long-term memory, as seen by the studies in lecture?

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The question asks about what result pattern would imply that categorical distinctiveness contributes to visual long-term memory, based on patterns discussed in lecture.
Option 1: 'Memory performance remains constant regardless of the number of exemplars shown.' This would suggest that adding more exemplars from a category does not affect memory, which argues against a role for distinctiveness due to changes in category representation with more exemplars.
Option 2: 'Memory performance decreases systematically as more category exemplars are added.' This pattern implies that as more exemplars from the same category are shown, memory for the items becomes poorer in a systematic way. If categorical distinctiveness is important, increasing exemplars should tax the memory system or reduce the salience of distinct category members, leading to a predictable decline. This aligns with the idea that a limited distinctiveness budget is exceeded as exemplars accumulate, supporting the role of categorical distinctiveness in memory performance.
Option 3: 'Memory performance increases systematically as more category exemplars are added.' Such a rise would mean that additional exemplars enhance memory, which is inconsistent with the notion that broader category sampling undermines distinctiveness or emphasizes commonalities over unique details, thus not supporting categorical distinctiveness as a key factor.
Option 4: 'Memory performance fluctuates randomly as more category exemplars are presented.' Random fluctuations would indicate no systematic effect of exemplar number, which weakly supports a stable influence of distinctiveness and fails to demonstrate a clear pattern expected if categorical distinctiveness were driving memory performance.
In summary, the second option is the one that demonstrates a clear, systematic decrease in memory performance with increasing exemplars, which fits the idea that preserving distinctiveness across category members becomes more challenging as more exemplars compete for representation in visual long-term memory. The other choices either show no effect, an opposite effect, or an inconsistent pattern, none of which coherently support the role of categorical distinctiveness.

PSC 135 001 SQ 2025 Lecture 23: Long-term Memory II

What pattern of results would suggest that categorical distinctiveness plays a key role in visual long-term memory, as seen by the studies in lecture?

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