Viral DNA can integrate within host cell DNA, potentially leading to:

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Viral DNA integration into host chromosomal DNA can have specific outcomes for the infected cell, so each option needs evaluation.
Option 1: 'Immediate cell death' — Generally, integration does not cause instantaneous lysis or death of the host cell. Lytic cycles involve active replication and destruction of the cell, but integration itself can allow persistence without immediate death, so this option overstates a direct consequence of proviral integration.
Option 2: 'Increased host cell division' — While some viruses can influence host cell cycle pathways, integration alone is not a guaranteed or defining result. It can contribute to latency or transformation in certain contexts, but saying it directly causes increased division is not universally accurate and would require additional oncogenic events.
Option 3: 'Latent infection' — This is the characteristic consequence when viral DNA integrates into host DNA. The viral genome becomes a provirus and remains mostly transcriptionally silent or low-level, allowing the virus to persist within the host without producing new virus particles immediately. This aligns with the concept of lysogeny or latency in various viruses.
Option 4: 'Rapid viral replication' — Integration tends to restrain active replication and instead supports persistence; a rapid, productive replication cycle is typically associated with episomal replication or lytic phases, not with integrated proviruses. Therefore this option is inconsistent with the typical outcome of integration.
In summary, among the choices, latent infection best reflects the consequence of viral DNA integrating into host cell DNA, as it enables long-term persistence with limited or intermittent viral gene expression rather than immediate cytotoxicity or robust replication.

Viral DNA can integrate within host cell DNA, potentially leading to:

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