Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

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The question asks about the relationship between villi and microvilli in the small intestine, and provides four statements to evaluate.
Option a: 'Villi are smaller projections that cover the surface of microvilli.' This is incorrect because microvilli are the smaller projections that extend from the surface of each villus, not the other way around. Villi themselves are larger finger-like folds that line the intestine to increase surface area, while microvilli further increase that surface area on the cellular level.
Option b: 'Microvilli are smaller projections that cover the surface of villi.' This statement correctly describes the hierarchical relationship: microvilli are tiny projections on the apical surface of enterocytes that line the villi, effectively forming a brush border that amplifies absorption.
Option c: 'Villi and microvilli are different terms for the same structures in the small intestine.' This is inaccurate because they refer to different structural scales and features: villi are larger villus structures, whereas microvilli are microscopic projections on the villi.
Option d: 'Microvilli are larger structures that increase the surface area of villi.' This is incorrect since microvilli are smaller, not larger, projections; their role is to further increase surface area on the villi rather than being larger structures themselves.
Overall, option b correctly captures the correct relationship between microvilli and villi, while the other options misstate the size relationships or terminology.

BIO 181 (001&002) FALL 2025 4E - Self-Check: Human Digestive System: Intestines (LO 4E.1, 4E.2, 4E.3, 4E.4, 4E.5)

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

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